Vietnam in the 1950s and 1960s Essay Example for Free

Vietnam during the 1950s and 1960s Essay There was numerous explanations behind the USA to engage in Vietnam between the 1950s and 60s anyway they were all in stages, not simply in one go. They called America and USAS conflict the Cold War which started mostly because of America and the USSRS political contrasts. The USSR was a socialist state and the USA and different nations who were their accomplices were capalist states or nations. Numerous individuals accepted that capalists and socialists couldn't live close by one another for long and that one framework would assume control over another, anyway the two sides were resolved not to be dominated. This is the way everything began as the legislatures were attempting to assume control over huge pieces of East Europe and Asia. At the point when the support zones were included there was a more serious danger of war as the zones were overwhelmed by the USSR who were causing an administration domino impact through toward the west so the USA and their accomplices were resolved to stop it which caused the Truman Doctrine. The principle purposes behind the USA to engage with Vietnam were a result of their dread of socialism and that socialism could assume control over the Western world and Asia. Another motivation behind why the USA didnt like socialism was on the grounds that in 1945 the USA manufactured and tried the principal atomic bomb on Japan yet kept it mystery from the Russians despite the fact that they should be partners. This made the Russians dubious of America. America likewise didnt like socialism in view of their altogether different political convictions as the socialists were an extremist state while the USA had faith in popular government and were apprehensive the Russians would attempt to spread their convictions around the globe. The primary method of the USA to get included was to gracefully France with cash as during World War 2 they had lost control of North Vietnam anyway figured out how to keep control of South Vietnam. The USA paid the French armed forces to recapture control of North Vietnam so to keep it entrepreneur and was believed to be a remain against overall spread of socialism. Anyway in 1949 Americans were concerned in light of the fact that China had turned socialist and provided cash and weapons to North Vietnam making the war harder to win. The French accepted that they were powerful as they were encircled by mountains and an airbase however the French error prompted a mortifying destruction and finished French intends to recover control of Vietnam. This implied the USA needed to get progressively included asâ well as make more move as socialism kept on getting more grounded. The USAs next contribution plan was to send military guides to South Vietnam. In 1954 Eisenhower provided 17 officials fixed requests sending them to Saigon and by January 1961 the quantity of guides had developed to 685. Anyway the counselors were not there to battle however to prepare the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) to battle a normal intrusion from the North. These consultants didnt fill in as the socialist Vietcongs appeared to get more grounded and despite the fact that the quantities of guides were furtively raised it didnt enormously help. The USA before long needed to get much progressively included as their vital villa program authorities chose towns in South Vietnam which they thought could be effectively protected by the Vietcong however didnt fill in as not many villas were secure and the arrangement was disagreeable with the Vietnamese. Religion was additionally an issue on the grounds that Diem supported Roman Catholics however this prompted road fights like a Buddhist priest who set himself land. Diem before long turned out to be progressively disagreeable and was killed by ARVN officials who ere stressed that the USA would pull back there help if Diem proceeded in power. Anyway the death compounded the situation as Diems replacements were no better at overseeing the nation. This all prompted the USA expecting to include themselves more by utilizing the military. This initially occurred with the Gulf of Tongking episode which was a reason for Johnson to get the Gulf of Tongking goals which permitted him to take all the important measures to repulse any outfitted assaults against the powers of the United States and to forestall further animosity. At that point in February 1965 Johnson got the chance to legitimize bombarding North Vietnam when the Vietcong assault the USAs base at Pleiku. Ten airplane were decimated eight US counselors were murdered with over a hundred others injured. Johnson could then call up troops and bomb the North. The activity was called moving thunder. The planes shelled the key military and modern focuses of North Vietnam yet were not permitted to bomb until he believed he could disclose his activities to the American individuals. From that point forward, 3,500 US marines were sent to the airbase of Danang and from that point on the Americans assumed responsibility for South Vietnamese war exertion. This all by and large occurred because of the Americans fixation on socialism and their conviction of the domino hypothesis, that once one nation turned socialist, so would the following and next which made the Americans increasingly associated with Vietnam as time passed by with the Americans attempting to stop the spread of socialism across South East Asia.

Bigger Thomas as America’s Native Son :: Essays Papers

Greater Thomas as America’s Native Son In the novel the Native Son, the creator Richard Wright investigates bigotry and persecution in American culture. Wright ably combines his story voice into Bigger Thomas so the peruser can likewise feel how the weight and bigotry influences the sentiments, considerations, mental self view, and life of a Negro individual. Greater is a sad result of American colonialism and misuse in an advanced world. Greater encapsulates one of humankind’s most prominent catastrophes of how mass persecution penetrates all parts of the lives of the abused and the oppressor, making a universe of misconception, obliviousness, and languishing. The epic is stacked with a plenty of symbolisms of an antagonistic white world. Wright shows how white prejudice influences the conduct, sentiments, and contemplations of Bigger. â€Å"Everytime I consider it I feel like somebody’s jabbing an intensely hot iron down my throat†¦We live here and they live there. We dark and they white. They got things and we ain’t. They get things done and we can’t†¦I feel like I’m outwardly the world peeping in through a bunch gap in the fence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (20). Bigger’s feeling of tightening and of control is entirely tangible to the peruser. Wright likewise utilizes a progressively understandable voice to precisely depict the harsh states of a Negro individual. A mysterious dark cellmate, a college understudy shouts out, †You make us live in such swarmed conditions†¦that one out of each ten of us is insane†¦you dump every stale food into the Black Belt and sell them for beyond what you can go anyplace else†¦You charge us, yet you wont assemble hospitals†¦the schools are packed to the point that they breed perverts†¦you recruit us last and fire us first†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (318). Bigger’s feeling of choking by the white world is solid to such an extent that he has presumably that â€Å"something awful’s going to happen to me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (21). No place in this novel can the peruser see a more prominent case of Bigger’s dread and feeling of tightening than in the incidental passing of Mary Dalton. The widely inclusive dread that the white world has reared in Bigger assumes control over when he is in Mary’s room and at risk for being found by Mrs. Dalton. This disguised social persecution truly powers his hands to hold the pad over Mary’s face, choking out her. Greater accepts that a white individual would expect that he was in the space to assault the white young lady.

Marketing Plan Final evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Promoting Plan Final assessment - Essay Example Joseph High School2, Toronto). Jubilee is characterized as the time of fun and devouring praised not long before Lent3. It is likewise alluded to a voyaging beguilement show for the most part including rides, games, what's more, sideshows. In straightforward words it is only a celebration of games and amusement occasions in wherever of normal movement. It is additionally characterized as the celebration set apart by fun and parades and sorted out arrangement of Distinctive fair games like Water Shooters, Fishing match-up, wack a Mole, Basketball, Potato sack, legged race, egg hurl, plastered mariner, spruce up races, deterrent course, Ball/ring Toss and dunk tank are consistently directed as a component of wet stock. What's more, Trivial interest, American icon, move occasions, and computer games like wrestling, incense Anyway transfer races were not loved by impressive example (60). When the multi stage sprint is directed the inclination is predominantly given to deterrent course (29), potato sack (21), 3 legged race (13) and plastered mariner (11) (Graph 2). Correspondingly the higher number of competitors (109) who took part in this overview opined that they would welcome the correspondence of computer games. The most extreme decision was given to guitar legend (13), DRR (12), irritate NFL (8), and WII (8) (Graph 3). Computer games like MANU, sports, vehicle hustling, pacman, NBA, wrestling, diddy kong, rugby, baseball, tetris, NHL, GTA and hockey are additionally liked yet in lesser number. Larger part of the competitors preferred the dunk tank (152) and curiously they have given decision for educators contrasted with that of understudies. A few understudies have given assent (44) for pools and lion's share of the members are prepared to 2-3 $. Larger part understudies (122) favored outside cooking. The favored things for lunch are pizza (68), burgers (57), franks (51), and shop (10) (Graph 4). Also the sensibly great number of youngsters indicated enjoying for frozen yogurt (69), cotton sweets (55),

Premium Jeans Essay - 1083 Words

PrSummary: This case study talks about the slowdown in the premium jeans market. The first slowdown was in 2007, after that time premium jeans never the same. Between 2008 and 2010 the premium denim prices fell 10-15 percent over this time period. There were different tactics these premium denim designers including 7 for mankind, True Religion, Diesel, Joe Jeans and Levi Strauss tried to attempt to maintain their positions. Some did this by lowering the price of jeans, creating lower priced jeans (i.e. recession collection and jeggings), creating more brands and stores. This case study also talked about the major effects that things like economic issues (i.e. the recession) and rising cotton prices (due to low stockpiles, heavy rains and†¦show more content†¦Diesel’s revenue not only came from making jeans it also came from producing products like wine, cars, fragrances, sun glasses, shoes, and watches. Does True Religion enjoy a competitive advantage in the segment? If so, is its advantage sustainable? I would say that True Religion enjoy a competitive advantage in the segment because this was a company that had been through a slowdown in sales then rose then fell again. Within the times of falling revenue the company still managed to develop strategies so that it wouldn’t end up like other companies such as rock amp; republic that filed for bankruptcy. Even when this brand first started out it had a competitive advantage over 7 for all mankind that only offered 2 basic styles of jeans, True Religion offered 5 styles. Then overtime True Religion became â€Å"one of the highest priced on the market with an average selling point of $196 for woman’s jeans and $192 for men’s jeans in 2009†. This gives give the True Religion brand jeans the sustainability that it needs to stay ahead. Another advantage it had over its competitors is the use of off price retailers such as Nordstrom rack and its outlet stores which lead to â€Å"slow-moving and obsolete invento ry†. True Religion’s was able to sustain exclusive third-party distributors to gain access to upscale retailers in foreign markets. They did this by selling their products toShow MoreRelatedLevis Strauss Canada Holding an Ember: the Gwg Brand1653 Words   |  7 PagesQ1.Why do consumers buy jeans? What is the buying decision based on? - Jeans were invented in 1873 by Levy Strauss. Consumers’ perceptions about jeans are following: 1. Durable and extra strong-In terms of durability Jeans are considered more durable than other fabric pants .This extra strong image attracts customers for the feel of rough and tough personality. 2. Symbol of rebellion :Blue jeans were adopted as a workers’ jeans and in the 1950 they became a symbol of rebellion when stars suchRead MoreStp Analysis of Levis1135 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1873, a European immigrant Jacob Davis and Levi Strauss agreed to patent the idea of Davis with financial help from Levis Strauss and their first product was identified by lot no. 501. Levi’s takes pride in making original and authenticated jeans. They define a wide quality of products, from quintessential classics to favorite fits and styles. Their products range from shirts to cotton pants, from accessories and belts to ladies bags, from sunglasses and wallets to jackets and shoes. TodayRead MoreWhat Are the Key Success Factors (Ksf) in the Japanese Marketplace1917 Words   |  8 Pagesmid-1980’s jeans grew because of the changing trends or Japanese adolescence. Casual wear and leisure time became more popular during this time period. The Decade after this the market for jeans shrunk. Levi Strauss moved into Japan in 1991 Japan was already a competitive market with brands like Edwin, Big John, Bobson, Wrangler and Lee already there Denim in seen as premium fashion item In the beginning Levi Strauss used specialty stores to sell merchandise. Because of the premium image denimRead MoreMarketing Project (Jeans)2607 Words   |  11 Pages November 22, 2012 Introduction Born and raised in Los Angeles, Paige Premium Denim is one of the worlds leading denim brands with its signature perfect fit and unmatched variety of styles that flatter the body. Paige Premium Denim was founded in 2004 by fit model Paige Adams-Geller on the principle that you don’t have to be a size zero to look great and feel great in a pair of designer jeans. 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Analyse and comment on the strategy of Levis and its approach in maintaining leadership in the jeans market. 2. SWOT analysis. INTERNAL - Strengths Position: Levis has a market leading position, Levis is the most named brand of jeans bought or receivedRead MoreLevis Stp Analysis1539 Words   |  7 PagesSept. 2009). From 2002to 2007 the jeans market  grew 28%; growth is expected to be  18% from 2007 to 2012,  just a little faster than inflation (â€Å"Jeans† Mar. 2008). The same report believes that the growth in 2002  to2007 was â€Å"above trend† while the growth expected between 2007 and 2012 is more â€Å"normal†. Premium denim sales rose 24% for women and  45% for men. Sales in 2007  for the jeans market was $16.7 billion, while the projected  sales for 2012 is $19.7 billion (â€Å"Jeans† Mar. 2008). ------------------------------------------------- Read MoreBuckle Company Merchandise Report - Apparel Buying1408 Words   |  6 Pageslocation that we visited has a huge Forever 21 store to compete with about three stores down. Buckle carries a range of premium denim - which could not be compared to the price points of Forever 21, but customers generally know that the quality of Forever 21 jeans is poor, and the premium denim that Buckle carries is great quality (and they offer free hemming and alterations on their jeans along with free special orders). The tops from Buckle were similar in styles to something one might purchase at ForeverRead MoreLevi Strauss Case Study1900 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: This paper deals with the marketing strategies for the Levis Strauss brands to become the top brand in the world in various kinds of jeans and other apparels. Levis Strauss is having the 75% share in the GWG but allowed them to maintain in their own way. The GWG was also the first to produce pre-washed jeans and had a good position in the market. GWG and Levis Strauss Canada were concentrated on the high class people and not much concentrated on the retail market with this oneRead MoreDiesel Marketing Strategy6776 Words   |  28 PagesIntroduction    Jeans are a classic and timeless piece of clothing. This product is now worn by all generations across the globe. At a time when the number of brands offering jeans have grown considerably, Levi s, the market leader, now faces strong competition from Diesel, which has emerged as a must-have brand owing to its originality and creativity, with daring and provocative style and cuts. Founded in 1978 by Renzo Rosso (photo), the company offered an entirely novel concept: original jeans, achieved

Does The U.s. Have An Obligation Help Poor Countries

Does the U.S. have an ethical obligation to help poor countries? Carlos Andrade Ethics 326 – 4:30PM April 24, 2016 Mr. Estrada X___________________________________ The United States does not have an obligation to help poor countries. Many believe that the U.S. has a moral or ethical obligation to assist countries who need it. The United States is viewed as the police of the world, defender of democracy, and body of countries who it chooses to align with. When it is said that the U.S. has an â€Å"ethical obligation† the definition of those terms vary from person to person. No one is obligated to do anything, people feel obligated based on their own values and beliefs. Although the U.S. has a high gross†¦show more content†¦Instead of giving handouts, the U.S. should allow poor countries figure things out for themselves. â€Å"The American way† doesn’t work for everyone and countries, without help, should figure out what kind of system works best for them. Meanwhile, the United can use the money that is given as foreign aid on itself. The United States should focus on fixing itself up for example, the public school system. In America it is illegal to deny free public education to children, however the United States hasn’t paid enough moral attention to it’s public schools. Public education in poorer urban and rural areas, is in need of financial support that not only fund schools but can pay professionals who care about teaching. America can spend money to do a public education reform that paves the way for a better education for students. Paying for better teachers with higher requirements, than what’s currently accepted and paying for the safety of schools guarantee the United States a bright future. High expectations backed with a large fund work and retain high quality teachers can make a big difference. Not only are there too many of the students dropping out before high school graduation, but many are receiving high school diplomas that do not certify academic confidence in basic subjects that most schools after high school look for. The money spent on foreign aid can be a lot more beneficial if it’s invested at on the future of the country, rather than helping countries

Pride And Prejudice By Jane Austen - 915 Words

Two centuries ago, exactly on Jan. 28, 1813, Jane Austen s second novella first saw print. From the timeless opening lines, It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife, Pride Prejudice has enraptured readers worldwide, in every single language, for 201 years. Jane Austen s work is a unique gem and highly esteemed treasure which everyone should read. To this day, Pride Prejudice is still teaching and asking probing questions of its readers with nearly every turn of page. One such question brought out by the novel will be discussed in this essay. The question is: â€Å"What is prejudice? Is it moral or immoral? Can it be avoided?† In order to determine whether or not prejudice, is â€Å"meritorious or wicked† and also if it is â€Å"avoidable,† we first need to know what prejudice â€Å"is.† So what is prejudice? In the whole, the word elicits negative connotations and is associated with racism, bigotry and hostility to various groups or classification of peoples. Etymologically, however, the word refers to a commitment or conviction that is prior to, and the basis for the judgments we make. For the purpose of this discourse, we are going to use this definition:â€Å"an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of race, sex, religion, etc.† Some have confused a prejudice to be the same thing as a preference and it is not. If we judge that someone or something is ugly or beautiful, it is because we haveShow MoreRelatedPride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe 18th century novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book abo ut a young woman’s struggle with family and love. Pride and Prejudice was originally published in 1813, but, the most common version of the story, and the one used for this research, is from the version published in 1892, still by only Jane Austen, though many other authors have contributed to this book over time. Austen often references the class system at the time, often noting one of the multiple heroine’s struggleRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1467 Words   |  6 Pages Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is a classic novel that has remained relevant even years after its release. Its themes and symbols are understandable to even the most modern of reader. One of the many themes is sisterhood, something that is focused on constantly throughout the novel. Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist of the novel, finds many of her decisions to be based upon the actions of her sisters. Making sisterhood a main driving force. Whether they are confiding in each other f or marriageRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen872 Words   |  4 PagesIn my personal cherished novel, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, the worlds of two immensely divergent people display the marxist idea of the importance of social status and its affect on the people. The two main characters seem to be on opposite ends of the earth in terms of an affluent Mr. Darcy being so privileged while on the contrary, Miss Elizabeth Bennet is of a lower class. Throughout the novel, there is a fine distinction between their clashing opinions and actions that are highly influencedRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1285 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice Analysis I.Introduction Jane Austen wrote her novels during the time period known as the Regency. The Enlightenment and the Age of Reason, a time where ideas like democracy, secularism, and the rise of developing sciences were making their way across Europe had come to an end.It was replaced with the wave of horror that was the French Revolution, a once minor revolt that escalated into a violent war, concluding with the rise of Napoleon, which whom England fought against the majorityRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pageshe 18th century novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book about a young woman’s struggle with family and love. Pride and Prejudice was originally published in 1813, but, the most common version of the story, and the one used for this research, is from the version published in 1892, still by only Jane Austen, though many other authors have contributed to this book over time. Austen often references the class system at the ti me, often noting one of the multiple heroine’s struggleRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen914 Words   |  4 Pages Bell 1 Natalie Bell Pedersen English 4 honors 29 February 2016 Pride and Prejudice Essay Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, focuses on the social conflicts of England during the 1800s. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy fall in love, and face social criticism. Mr. Darcy struggles with the ideology of societal expectations while falling in love with Elizabeth Bennet. After persistent self-reflection, Mr. Darcy overcomes the stereotype of whom he should marry, and marries ElizabethRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1570 Words   |  7 PagesThe comical novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen depicts the love life of women in the early 1800’s. Austen shows the hardships young women in that time period had to go threw to find their place in this world. Women were thought of as objects to the men, they were supposed to be stay at home mothers, or simple just a accessory to their partner. Women were the subordinates in life, as they still are today. Austen tells the story of how Mrs. Bennet (a mother of 5) works tirelessly to get her daughtersRead More Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen 1104 Words   |  5 Pagesrate of over 50% from 1970-2010. However, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, marriage was often one of the few choices for a woman’s occupation. Reading Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen from the twenty-first century perspective might make some matters that are stressed in the book seem dated or trivial. As Pride and Prejudice was set sometime during the Napoleonic Wars, it is only fitting that finding a proper marriage is on the minds of many of the women in the book. Marriage and marryingRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1732 Words   |  7 PagesIn Pride and Prejudice, the first marriage presented is that of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet. Being the parents of five daughters, the Bennet s marriage set the example for their children yet their relationship did not constitute true love, but more of mutual tolerance. Mrs. Bennet, an obnoxious women with an erratic temper, symbolizes society’s obsession with material wealth and social standing. As Jane Austen states when describing Mrs. Bennet, â€Å"The business of her Vanek 7 life was to get her daughtersRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1384 Words   |  6 PagesNicole Voyatzis Professor W. Acres HISTORY 1401E May 26, 2015 Discussion Paper - Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice written in 1813 by Jane Austen tells the story of The Bennet’s and their five unmarried daughters. The family live as part of the lower gentry in early 19th century England. With that being said, Mrs. Bennet’s primary focus in life is to ensure that all her daughters are married, preferably to wealthy men. The book begins with Mrs. Bennet seeing an opportunity for her daughters

Money Saving free essay sample

Can i know who have fund in their room? * Today i would like to present about benefits of saving money. First of all, i would like to share with you about saving. Saving is the part of a  persons  income  that is not spent but its keep. * There have many ways to save money such as open saving accounts, stay away from malls, televisions and catalogs, Ignore what others think when you saving and try to save half of your income. * There have many benefits in saving money. First is to ensure better quality of life, second can cover expences when emergency and third is to make people have their financial preparation. * But i would like to go through for the first point which is benefits of saving money is to ensure better quality life. * From money magazine reports that has written by Dave Ramsey who is   American financial author and motivational speaker, he stated that 78% of us will have a major negative event in a given ten-year period. We will write a custom essay sample on Money Saving or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page by saving for big purchases, you can avoid debt * Do you ever hear the old story about the ant and the grasshopper. Once upon a time, in a field of summer day, the ant always find food to prepare for snow day while grasshopper lives with has lots of fun. When the winter comes grasshopper had no food and feel so hungry while it saw the ants have food stock from the stores that they had collected in the summer day. Then it realizes his mistake. The question is do you want to be the ant, or the grasshopper? Either way, you will have to be both, so why not make the decision to be the ant now, so later you can be the grasshopper? * What i want to related in saving money, when you saving money from early, the benefit you can cover the expenses without the added stress of where the money will come from. * Nowday there have many saving investment like Amanah Saham Berhad or Bank Rakyat. If you save your money with invest from now at the age, you will get interest on your savings account and your money were increase from time to time. One of my favorite benefits that come from saving money is the opportunity you will have to give to help others. Help others is one of things that make we feel happy because we can ease others problem around us like our parents, siblings and friends. * As conclusion, Saving money is a priority in our life, because you committed to having a plan, then you’ll have no reason to be stressed out about money. Besides that, you can live out your ending years wit h financial peace without constraint. I would like to emphasize that your new plan to save money can change your life!

Book Review Muckraking Essay Example

Book Review: Muckraking Essay The Bedford Series in History and Culture: Muckraking. By Ellen F. Fitzpatrick. (Bedford Books of St. Martins Press, 1994.x, 132 pp. ISBN 0-312-08944-9) The Editor, Ellen F. Fitzpatrick is currently an associate professor of history at Harvard University.She has published many articles on womens history and social reform.Lincoln Steffens was one of the leading muckrakers.He wrote many articles exposing municipal corruption.Ida M. Tarbell wrote articles exposing Rockefeller.Ray Stannard Baker was involved in exposing railroad and financial corruption. These three journalists joined together to establish American Magazine. After three terms as mayor of Minneapolis, Doc Ames reformed.Corrupt he was indeed.He took all the honors, and left all the spoils for his followers, or reformed administration.Ames had new plans for the city of Minneapolis.He turned the city over to outlaws, who were directed by the police to profit for the Ames administration.Doc Ames chose his brother, Colonel F red W. Ames as chief of his administration.Colonel Ames had once commanded a Minnesota regiment in the Philippines, where he was proved to be a coward under fire.Mayor Ames chose Norman King, a former gambler, as chief of detectives.Kings job was to invite thieves, pickpocketers, and gamblers to Minneapolis.Irwin A. Gardner was put in charge of collecting from the women of the town.He was made a special policeman because he was a medical student in a doctors office.These men were all in charge of the police force, the dismissed one hundred and seven police officers who could not be truste! d, but they kept the one hundred and eight teen men who could be trusted.John Fichette, also known as Coffee John, was appointed captain of police with no duties other than to sell places on the police force.The reformed administration liberated the thieves in the local jail. Gambling went on openly and disorderly hou

Free Essays on Flannery OConnor

The American writer Flannery O’Connor is best known for her religious aspect in her fiction. O’Connor’s religious style writing is not too common in literature; this is what makes O’Connor different and well known. O’Connor’s short stories demonstrate the religious beliefs of the characters, as there lives change. Characteristics and style remain constant throughout her stories as well. Her humor and crazy, grotesque characters and situations are typical in her stories. The stories seem to contain a deep, complex world of moral and religious mystery that is brought to life. In Flannery O’Connor short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† she creates a struggle between two characters, the grandmother and the Misfit, which she displays by their different religious beliefs. Throughout this story the reader can clearly see the religious beliefs revealing itself in the two main characters, the Misfit and the grandmother. The characters in the â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the characters seem real. In this short story, O’Connor characters are just vessels for her ideas. Another thing is that O’Connor uses her Characters personality to create action in all of his short stories, especially this story. By the Misfit remarks, he basically describe is own personality. For example, â€Å"I call myself the Misfit, because I can’t make what all I done wrong fit what all I gone through in punishment†. Basically, the Misfit’s has a negative attitude towards God and any belief related to that. The gr andmother in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is superficial and feels strongly about her religious beliefs. She develops a firm ground in believing everyone is just as a good a person as her from the help of God. For example, when she is held at gun point by the Misfit, she says, â€Å"You wouldn’t shoot a lady, would you†¦I know you’re a good man. You don’t look a bit like you have common blood. I know you must com... Free Essays on Flannery O'connor Free Essays on Flannery O'connor The American writer Flannery O’Connor is best known for her religious aspect in her fiction. O’Connor’s religious style writing is not too common in literature; this is what makes O’Connor different and well known. O’Connor’s short stories demonstrate the religious beliefs of the characters, as there lives change. Characteristics and style remain constant throughout her stories as well. Her humor and crazy, grotesque characters and situations are typical in her stories. The stories seem to contain a deep, complex world of moral and religious mystery that is brought to life. In Flannery O’Connor short story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† she creates a struggle between two characters, the grandmother and the Misfit, which she displays by their different religious beliefs. Throughout this story the reader can clearly see the religious beliefs revealing itself in the two main characters, the Misfit and the grandmother. The characters in the â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the characters seem real. In this short story, O’Connor characters are just vessels for her ideas. Another thing is that O’Connor uses her Characters personality to create action in all of his short stories, especially this story. By the Misfit remarks, he basically describe is own personality. For example, â€Å"I call myself the Misfit, because I can’t make what all I done wrong fit what all I gone through in punishment†. Basically, the Misfit’s has a negative attitude towards God and any belief related to that. The gr andmother in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is superficial and feels strongly about her religious beliefs. She develops a firm ground in believing everyone is just as a good a person as her from the help of God. For example, when she is held at gun point by the Misfit, she says, â€Å"You wouldn’t shoot a lady, would you†¦I know you’re a good man. You don’t look a bit like you have common blood. I know you must com... Free Essays on Flannery O'Connor Agents of Grace in Flannery O’Connor’s Fiction The American writer Flannery O’Connor is best known for her religious aspect in her fiction. O’Connor’s religious style writing is not too common in literature, this is what makes O’Connor different and well known. O’Connor’s short stories demonstrate the religious beliefs of the characters, as there lives change. Flannery O’Connor was born in Savannah, Georgia on March 25,1925, given the birth name of Mary Flannery O’Connor. She was the only child born into the arms of Edward Flannery and Regina Cline O’Connor. During Miss. O’Connor’s early years, she began to develop skills in drawing and cartooning. At the young age of thirteen, her family moved to Milledgeville, Georgia because her father was diagnosed with disseminated lupus. Unfortunately, when O’Connor was only sixteen, her father passed away, and O’Connor remained in Milledgeville for the most of the rest of her life. Flannery O’Connor was raised in a Catholic family. Her religious heritage from her parents had a deep impact on O’Connor’s writing technique. â€Å"The most important tradition influencing O’Connor’s writing, however, was her avowed Roman Catholicism; This belief served as the foundation of her vision of human condition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Desmond 1983). Religious incorporation appears to be consistent throughout her fiction. Characteristics and style remain constant throughout her stories as well. Her humor and crazy, grotesque characters and situations are typical in her stories. The stories seem to contain a deep, complex world of moral and religious mystery that is brought to life. Seymour-Smith states, that â€Å"Her style seems pure â€Å"Southern Gothic† and her Catholicism seems Protestant†. Flannery O’Connor is most known for her emotional and spiritually deformed characters, who are greatly obsessed with religion; this stereotype is evident in short stories such as: â€Å"A Good Ma...

Reporting for the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reporting for the Media - Essay Example state if extension was granted and the revised Submission Date)    I declare that the work contained in this assignment is my own, except where acknowledgement of sources is made. I authorise the University to test any work submitted by me, using text comparison software, for instances of plagiarism. I understand this will involve the University or its contractor copying my work and storing it on a database to be used in future to test work submitted by others. I understand that I can obtain further information on this matter at http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/learningconnection/student/studying/integrity.asp Note: The attachment of this statement on any electronically submitted assignments will be deemed to have the same authority as a signed statement. Sign (or type name): Vandiappan Thevar Date:14th Feb 2011 Contents Page Part A: Practical Exercise 3 i) News Story 3 ii) â€Å"On-Air† Report 6 Part B: Discussion Paper 8 Appendices 10 Part A: Practical Exercise i) News Sto ry Stanley â€Å"Artgerm†, the Ultramodern Artist Staff reporter: Mr Vandiappan Thevar Finding true talent that can transform the world of media and entertainment is difficult to find. In our recent interview1 with Stanley â€Å"Artgerm† Lau, from Imaginary Friends Studios (I.F.S), new and truly defined talent was found. Our interview took place in the studios in Singapore, a place that is now growing into the arts center of the world and is providing new and innovative support for artists and creative individuals alike. Lau is one of the most well – known cartoonists and comic drawers for Imaginary Friends Studios. His exposure from this company is one that is based on the growing trends in Asia that the community continues to support. Lau prides himself with his artistic approach to comics as well as his interest in creativity that is able to give a message to others who are interested in the up and coming entertainment of the next generation. . Mr. Lau autogr aphing his art piece Lau pointed out that regional artists are community oriented, available to help and are interested in the comics and cartoon field. It is this mentality that allowed him to change from being an artist as a passion to turning it into a career field. This is one option that most would have not recognized 20 years ago, but with young innovators such as Lau, there is a new set of opportunities available to grow into an artist that becomes more than a hobby. Lau stated that the community and opportunity to develop into a career is what has helped to inspire him to move forward with drawing and to feel pushed into bettering his art. He also noted that his creativity is one that he has linked to his desire to make his own discoveries of the outer world and the ability to create symbolism and creativity, while defining innovation through his ideas. This is one of the ways in which the cartoons are able to present new ideas that create trends and new ideals with creativi ty. Even though Lau has noted that there is continuous support from the community, there is also recognition that comics and cartoons create a diverse set of responses from individuals as well as growing competition in the field. The continuing competition is one that makes the critics stronger, specifically in areas such as Singapore. However, there isn’

Economic Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Questions - Essay Example While low levels of inflation are manageable, higher levels can wreck havoc on an economy. Inflation at any level acts as an invisible tax on savers. Any money saved is capable of purchasing less goods and services. This harms vulnerable groups such as senior citizens who rely on savings more heavily than other groups. It also provides a disincentive to save. Also if growth is too rapid it can risk a shock to the system by bursting an economic bubble, like the tech bubble of the nineteen nineties or the recent housing bubble. Deflation and unemployment are the dangers of the recessionary side of the business cycle. Deflation is a decrease in the price of goods and services. The real danger of deflation is falling into a deflationary spiral. A deflationary spiral occurs when consumers expect prices to fall, so they delay spending. Retailers and suppliers need to provide goods and services so they lower prices. If consumers do not spend producers are forced to cut back on costs, including labor, which increases the incentive for consumers to save and not spend. Unemployment can soar and many firms can be forced to shut down. A deflationary spiral is part of the cause of the Great Depression. Unemployment above natural levels harms the economy its participants. People out of the work force longer than frictionally required can start to lose skills, which can limit long term employability. Unemployment also reduces the ability of families to provide necessities and luxuries for themselves. This is all compounded by the general negative psychological effects of unemployment on the unemployed. For the economy it is also harmful. It means productive capacity is idle and the amount of goods and services the economy can produce falls. It is necessary to intervene to protect against the dangers of inflation, deflation, and unemployment. Intervention can be taken

Managing Change in Organisations - Improved HR onboarding process Essay Example for Free

Managing Change in Organisations Improved HR onboarding process Essay The main goal of this change initiative is to improve the financial results of the company by improving the engagement and performance of the new HR employees at Mars, Inc. It’s aimed to be achieved by introducing a new, globally aligned, best-in-class 1-year-long induction process with supporting tools and learning events. The target group of new HR associates1 includes those who joined HR at Mars less than 12 month ago, either from externally (from other company) or internally (from other department). As Mars,Inc. is a large family-owned business with over 100 years of history and globally well known brands. It has unique and mature company culture which is driven by its 5 principles: Quality, Responsibility, Mutuality, Effectiveness and Freedom. These principles drive the behaviour of the employees at all level of the hierarchy and have been shaping the characteristics of the organisation. Mars, Inc. fits well to ‘elaboration of structure phase’ (Granier 1972) of the organisational life-cycle: the company is led by a team of professional managers and is very much decentralised with a small headquarter. The business units of the countries therefore enjoy a lot of freedom and responsibility to drive the local business effectively. This approach reflects also in the way they shape the processes within the company: the global process standards are mainly just broadly defined with limited (if any) written documentation about them, which lets the local teams shape it and use it as best fits to their needs. As it has the advantage to allow tailor-made solutions to best assist local business objectives, it also has disadvantages. It is not uncommon that extra local resources are needed to shape the process, and when the process has changed too much, it becomes difficult to compare the practices and results of different units. It also often happens that local units come up with very similar best practices after investing significant resources locally in process development, which resources could have been reduced if globally – or at least regionally – someone would have co-ordinated these development initiatives. As part of the company culture, Mars, Inc. refers to employees as associates, therefore in my paper I will use both terms to reflect the same concept. Realising the potential of this kind of centralisation led the business leaders to setting up global functional centres of expertise, like the Mars University (Mars U) is for learning and development within Mars, Inc. The Mars U is responsible for designing and deploying world-class learning programs, which enable the competency building of employees, so they can achieve their full potential in contributing to the business to achieve its goals. It has matrix structure and its smaller teams are set up by functions (named â€Å"Colleges† of HR, finance, supply, etc.), regions (they coordinate the deployment of functional development programs in a region) and special learning and development related areas (like learning technology). Mars U therefore faces the challenge of balancing between centralisation and decentralisation by providing centrally defined and globally aligned learning solutions in a matrix organisation with decentralised leadership. That is the same challenge in case of the new induction process initiative. In the near past an introductory training program existed for new HR employees, which was similar in all the regions, but inconsistent in content, so it gave a lot of space for local solutions to flower. Moving from this decentralised approach to a more centralised one may cause push backs from the associates in these local units, thus careful change management is essential. Nature of change By assessing the nature of change based on the description above, this change can be categorised with the terms of Ackerman (1997) as ‘transitional’ as the intention is to â€Å"achieve () a desired state† by setting up a globally aligned world-class induction process for new HR associates, which is a significant difference from the current decentralised approach. One can argue whether it is not defined as ‘transformational change’ as it can result a difference in an organisational process and change in the culture, but as it won’t change fundamentally neither areas, the definition of ‘transitional change’ fits better in this case. To give a full picture about the nature of change, it need to be emphasised that after finishing this particular change project, the change itself will not stop, it will continue as ‘developmental change’ by continuously improving the set up induction process. From another perspective, using the categories of Mintzberg and Waters (1985) this change initiative can be identified as ‘determined’ or planned change as the goal, that need to be achieved, is clearly set, as well as the process how to get there. It does not mean though, that ‘emergent’ changes will not come up during the project, as it may happen that a locally designed induction process which works well will have an improving effect on the globally designed process and tools to ensure the implementation of the best possible practices. Drivers of the change This change initiative has mainly internal triggers. First and foremost, improve the productivity of every new HR associates by providing them all the essential knowledge, competencies and network they need in their new role. Improving their engagement level is also an important trigger, as engaged associates have usually better performance and they less likely to leave the business (Buckingham and Coffman, 2005). In case of HR department, better performance of associates, among other things, could lead to better internal and external customer satisfaction or decrease of costs by effective ways of working, while improved retention cut the costs and time invested in recruitment and training of a new employee. Although the internal triggers are more relevant in this case, the external drivers also need to be mentioned. Mars, Inc. had several acquisitions in the last few years which led to an incoherent culture in the different business segments. To enable exchangeability of human resources and best practices, setting up centrally aligned processes is a key. Also, considering that Mars, Inc. operates in a quickly changing market (FMCG), being innovative and best-in-class in its processes could ensure competitive advantage and retention of employees. Nonetheless, the change needs to be done in a global environment fitting to the expectations of different cultures in different regions. Key Stakeholders As in case of most major changes in an organisation, winning the support of top level management is essential. In this case the management means the Global HR Leadership Team of Mars, Inc. who also plays the role of sponsor of the project and expected to play a key role by being role model in using the new induction process. Their influence is very high as they could stop or change this initiative any time. Their attitude toward the change to be expected very positive, still, contracting with them is critical as many priority projects are currently going on in the business so need to ensure proper focus. Driving the change process requires change agents to ensure smooth implementation: the Mars U associates in the regions and other (local) learning or talent development specialists. As the project aligns well with their general purpose of their roles – to improve associates capabilities, – their attitude is expected to be positive. As they will play the role of connecting the project leaders with associates in their regions or units, their influence is also very high, but mainly only in their area of responsibility. The communication and deployment of the change will focus mainly on the HR managers as they will be the most affected by the change, as they need to change their ways of working the most. Thus, 5 their attitude can be either positive or negative depending how valuable the new process seems to them. Their influence can be high in the area of their responsibility – so the more senior the manager is the higher is the influence. Also important stakeholders, but less influential, are the new HR associates. The new process is all about them, but from change management perspective they play a smaller role, as their attitude to be expected very positive. In any case, careful communication toward them needs to be planned to ensure their full involvement in the process and gain feedback from them to identify potential areas for improvements. There are also some other key stakeholders, like the trainers of the courses, whose contribution to the success can be very important, but as they are interchangeable in the roles, their influence on the process can be categorised as moderate. Furthermore, there are some other subject matter experts (e.g. learning technology or global communication specialists), who will be involved during the design and communication phases, but their influence is rather small and their attitude is expected to be supportive. Management objectives To summarise the main objective, the goal is to implement in all business segments and units of Mars, Inc. a newly designed, globally aligned, efficient and engaging functional induction process with its supporting tools (guides and learning modules) for every new HR employees, which supports their development in the first 12 months after joining in their new role and covers the essential Mars specific knowledge and provides network needed for achieving high performance. The new process and tools should be used by mid of 2013 in all business units. Task 2 For a successful change project it’s not only important to see where we would like to go, but to be able to define how we will get there, we need a careful and detailed analysis on where we are at the moment. Besides a general process overview in the organisation (e.g. by the support of models like ‘McKinsey 7S’ (Waterman et al. 1980) or ‘Burke-Litwin Causal model’ (Burke Litwin, 1992)), we also need to understand why do we have the problem in our organisation. For this we may use problem analysis models, like the ‘Fishbone diagram’ or the ‘5 Whys?’ (Taiichi 1988) model. Input-Transformation-Output model To better understand the functional induction process, by the ‘Input-Transformation-Output model’ (RDI, 2012a) the main elements can be summarised visually: This model can support the planning process in several ways. It is easier for the change leaders to identify the key stakeholders (see the detailed stakeholder analysis above), to keep objectives always in mind and focus on the processes which need to be changed in order to be able to achieve the desired output. Furthermore, it gives a great overview about who shall be involved in reviewing and developing the process by providing feedback before, during and after the change. Nonetheless, it is essential to be clear on both the transformed and transforming resources required for the whole process to avoid disturbance due to the lack of them. Cause-and-Effect Analysis After having a broader overview of the issue, before taking any actions, a thorough problem analysis is a must. Even though having an initial idea about what can improve the current situation, in a complex organisation with a huge overall impact of the topic, the change leader need to ensure addressing the right issues and providing the right solutions based on that. In defining all the relevant causes of a problem can help the Cause-and-Effect Analysis (Ishikawa, 1968) or Fishbone diagram. In case of our described example, the model looks like this: After defining the list of important causes, the major ones to be selected by the analysing team then the potential actions can be planned. When it’s presented to the management team, their duty is then to decide on which topics to focus on the actions. In this example case, a globally aligned process with supporting tools and metrics are very much missing. When it’s designed and ready to be deployed, then these should be available to all HR managers to be able to drive the induction processes locally and measure their own efficiency. Plan the change After the green light of the management team concerning the project initiative, can start the proper, detailed planning: the development of the change strategy, in which the desired outcome, key actions, milestones, action owners and resources needs are defined. Winning the commitment of the key stakeholders also need to be carefully planned with a supporting communication plan. As unexpected situations are likely to disturb the planned flow of actions, to minimise the potential disturbance, a risk analysis in advance of doing actions can help the project management team to prepare for these scenarios or totally avoid them. Also, a continuous review of the change project is highly recommended to ensure the project execution is on track to achieve the project goal (see the 8 potential feedback sources in the Input-Output model) – this also can be part of the change strategy plan. The next step is then to execute the plan. When unexpected situations happen, continuous adjustments of the plan may be required to ensure proper improvement and keep the progress to achieve the final goal. After all planned actions are executed, the project leader should control that the project goal has been achieved as defined. If no, the project still continues. If yes, the project shall be formally closed with the involvement of the project sponsors and the success should be feed back to the key stakeholders. Task 3 Business Process Transformation Although Mars, Inc. in this situation chose to go on with a change project concentrating on only one function (HR) to improve its induction process, using the Business Process Transformation (BPT), i.e. Business Process Re-engineering model could have led to better results. By talking generally about the BPT model, one can say that improving the customer engagement and cutting the operational costs by improving and simplifying processes (cross-functional) within the company, is in the heart of this approach (Hammer 1990). Let use the definition of re-engineering by Hammer and Champy (1993) to show the key characteristics of this model: the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical contemporary modern measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. This approach is one of the favourites currently in change management, as it promises â€Å"dramatic improvements† in business performance and customer satisfaction, even though it has its own challenges. The most important is that it requires a holistic view from the business leaders to face the issues within an organisation. It needs broad perspective to be able to come out of functional silos and to view the process as a whole, from the very beginning till the very end. If the change project happens only within a single function, there is high probability of missing some important opportunities of improvement. By using the example of Mars, a cross-functional approach could lead to a different, although very thorough solution – like implementing a standardised, world-class induction experience in every part of the company, during which the new employees can learn the most important functional and business knowledge to best support the customer focused processes. Based on its holistic view, the BPT approach requires more complexity from change management perspective as well as total alignment and drive from the top management team. The process improvement strategy should be aligned with the vision, mission and business strategy of the company, while the desired behaviours and key performance indicators should be also clearly defined and communicated to support the process and the measure of success (RDI 2012b). The process improvement initiative should start with a company-wide analysis of the current situation, keeping in mind not only how the processes can be simplified, but also what could be the benefits for the customers by the change initiative. The analysis then will be followed by the definition of the detailed plan: to where and how the company would like to get. To achieve great improvement in company results, increasing the amount of invested efforts and resources and high risk taking is unavoidable – although most probably in mid- and long-term the investment of these extra resources will pay. All these mentioned characteristics of the model lead to the fact that this model can’t be used without a heavy top down and centralised approach due to its holistic nature and complexity. Starting a process improvement initiative from any other level of the organisation without the full support and involvement of the company top leaders can lead to only a temporary and restricted (to a region or function) solution. Managing the implementation of the change at Mars, Inc. Although the change project defined by Mars also intends to improve the measures mentioned in the re-engineering definition, the main difference lies in the adjectives used by the authors: dramatic, fundamental and radical. So in this case we can’t really talk about BPT approach, as it would rather mean taking the whole on-boarding and induction process in all functions of the company and use that to work on, even though it could be very beneficial for the company. Also, without winning the top management support for a holistic change approach, the project leader of this initiative better use a general Change management (RDI 2012c), or preferably, the Total Quality Management (TQM) 2 methodology with using some holistic OD models – like the ‘Burke-Litwin model’ (Burke Litwin 1992) or the ‘McKinsey 7S model’ (Waterman et al. 1980) – for analysing the potential areas of change interventions. Definition of TQM by Kanji (1990): â€Å"TQM is the way of life of an organization committed to customer satisfaction through continuous improvement. This way of life varies from organisation to organisation and from one country to another but has certain principles which can be implemented to secure market share, increase profits and reduce costs.† The principles of the TQM approach fits well to the culture of Mars, Inc. by focusing on continuous improvement opportunities, on customer needs and motivating employees at all level of the organisation to take part of this and drive innovations. It also reflects in all of the 5 principles of the company3. The management style also resonates well with the principles of TQM, as it engages the collaborative company culture with empowering and motivating the employees to drive continuous improvement for achieving better quality in everything within the business. Although a lot of things fit well to use this model for the change case at Mars, to fully benefit of the TQM methodology, the project leader and the participants shall be skilled to use all its principles to achieve the best possible result, which is currently not yet the case. Task 4 Measure of Success – Processes There are certain elements of the change process, which we can check and measure during and after the project to evaluate the success. Firstly, it is inevitable to set with involvement and communicate to the key stakeholders a clear vision, a well defined ‘S.M.A.R.T. objective’ (Doran, 1981) and some key performance indicators regarding the desired end result of the change initiative. Additionally, it is also important element of the second success factor, which is the level of commitment to the change of the key stakeholders. During the implementation phase, the success of the process can be measured at the key milestones: whether they were achieved on time by providing good quality results within the allocated resource limits. In this phase, the ability of flexible to any disturbance and opportunities through the process is also essential, to keep or even improve the result quality of the change, or to use less resources to achieve the original goal. It may be measured by reaction the quickness of the response or the amount of extra resources needed to keep the good progress. In connection to this, reviewing the key challenges and capturing the lessons learnt for the future also shows the efficiency of the process. Last, but not least, a clear project closure can also indicate how well the project went. Measure of Success – Outcomes If we have a closer look on the change initiative of Mars, Inc., the desired outcome which we wish to measure lies in the main objective4. The company’s main goal is to improve the efficiency and Quality, Mutuality, Responsibility, Effectiveness and Freedom For details see the Management Objective paragraph performance of the new HR employees. As HR is a support department with less direct impact on financial results and the quality of end products than other areas in the business, measuring these goals may be difficult, especially if we need to focus on only the new employee. So it’s advised to define other measures, like the individual performance or future career potential of the new employee, which can be measured by the company globally standardized performance evaluation system. Although the improved employee performance is difficult to be described with exact figures, we can also use historical data to compare the past and the present, and measure factors which can influence performance (e.g. the Line Manager’s evaluation of the performance or the engagement level of the new associate). Besides the employee performance, the efficiency of the new process shall be measured as well (e.g. could we involve everybody we intended to use the new process). Furthermore, as in case of all change projects, defining the return on investment can show the level of success. For example the cost of resource investment of the change project may be compared with the amount of money were saved by better retention of the new associates. By measuring the outcome of a new process we also need to investigate the resource needs of sustaining the process efficiently on long term. 1References: Ackerman, L., 1997, Development, transition or transformation: the question of change in organisations. In: Van Eynde, D., Hoy, J and Van Eynde, D (eds) Organisation Development Classics. San Francisco, Jossey Bass. Buckingham, M. and Coffman, C., 2005. First, Break All The Rules: What the Worlds Great Managers Do Differently. Simon Schuster. Burke, W. W. and Litwin, G. H., 1992. A causal model of organizational performance and change. Journal of Management, 18 (3), 523-545. Doran, G. T., 1981. Theres a S.M.A.R.T. way to write managements goals and objectives. Management Review, Volume 70, Issue 11, pp. 35-36.

User Sampling Methods :: essays research papers

1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sampling Methods When surveying, for any purpose, it is important to recognise that the results are only as representative as the survey subjects (the sample), and as such much academic research has been performed in to techniques for selection, broadly placing them in one of two categories – probability sampling and non-probability sampling. In short, with probability sampling the participants are selected by chance. There are dozens of methods of selecting members, using a variety of mathematical techniques, but the key is that each subject has a random, calculable chance of being selected. There is no human intervention involved in the selection. Method  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characteristics Simple (random) Sampling  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sample is selected entirely at random Stratified  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The population is first divided in to exclusive subgroups based on some predetermined criteria (e.g. location), then samples are selected at random Proportionate Stratified  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As above, but a smaller group that would otherwise not provide statistically valid results may be oversampled then the results weighted to correct for this. For example, if a particular group is too small to provide a statistically significant sample, more members of that group would be sampled Clustering  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The starting point for the sample is randomised, then assumes that the sample at that point is representative of the region. For example, selecting a street corner, interviewing the first 10 people, and assuming that they are representative of the area Table 2 - Probability Sampling Methods Non-probability samples, however, contain an element of human bias in the sample selection. Again, there are various methods for the selection, the most common of which are: Method  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characteristics Quota  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Respondents are preselected to ensure that the sample is representative Purposive  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Subjects are selected as they have some specific characteristic, for example, hold a certain position or job type Convenience  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The sample is selected by availability Snowballing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contacts provide information about other potential respondents Self-selection  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Respondents volunteer themselves for selection Judgement  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An â€Å"expert† uses his or her judgement to nominate people for sample Table 3 - Non-probability Sampling Methods Most samples use a combination of sample selection methods. For example, quota sampling is often used to ensure that a random sample is actually representative of the population. 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Survey types There are three basic surveying techniques that are suitable for consideration in the project: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interview †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telephone †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Self Administered Survey 2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interview (face to face) This category includes in-depth interviews, focus groups and projective methods (such as word association tests) which are not suitable for use in this project. There are several distinct advantages to this type of survey, such as: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Response rates tend to be higher than other methods †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ability to reassure the subject about their responses

Impulse buying Essay

impulse buying refers to any purchase which a consumer makes which is unplanned and unneeded. the purpose of this paper is to find factors behind triggering this phenomena in consumers. the impact of different variables are analyzed by making their relationships with impulsive buying. These factors include promotional campaigns like low cost sale and discounts etc, income, layout of the store and behavior of sales person. the study is based on primary and secondary data which is analyzed further by using different techniques and methods. after analysis it has been found that the income level of a person has a significant effect on impulsive buying, moreover the other factors like promotional campaigns are mainly affecting this behavior due to pricing strategies, layouts of stores and behavior of sales persons also trigger the urge of impulsive buying. keywords: impulse buying, store layout, promotional activates, sales people, income. Introduction: In impulse buying a product is purchased spontaneously which is unplanned it could be anything,; a service, existing and new products to which the consumers are generally attracted because of various factors. Barratt, Rook 1987 stated that consumer gets attracted towards a product to buy it without considering its consequences of delaying a product to fill a pre-determined need. It is very much possible that consumer may experience positive and negative consequences of a product bought through impulsive buying after its post purchase evaluation. There are many researchers who have worked extensively on this topic and come up with more or less same definition and amplification of impulse buying. According to Cobb & Hoyer 1986; Piron, 1991; Rook, 1987; Rook & Fischer, 1995; Weinberg & Gottwold, 1982; searched and wrote that the urge of buying a product is of that the product is calling them to buy it, ultimately this urge leads them to purchase the product and some researchers stated that the urge of buying products are very dominant and powerful that the consumer cannot resist them. In Pakistan the number of retail outlets, shopping malls and super stores are increasing rapidly as compared to traditionally open bazar. This includes places likes Metro Cash N Carry, Hyper Star, Pace, Makro and Suburban etc. These are a  few of the prominent shopping malls in Pakistan with many outlets. The factors behind the success of these stores is their layout of well managed hassle free environment, availability and placement for fresh and hygienic vegetables, meat and fish which gets the attention and appreciation of consumers moreover the high-level of service and the behavior of sales staff make the visit of the consumers more comfortable and valuable especially for the working class who have minimum time for shopping. Attributes or characteristics of impulse buying behavior of consumer: The tempting and overwhelming force emerging from the product which produces feelings in consumer heart. Urge of buying a product immediately. Delaying the purchase of needed product. Ignoring the consequences of product purchased through impulse buying. Feeling of desperation in terms of buying a product. Literature Review: From the start of 1950’s till today a lot of research has been done on this topic in this long span of time many researchers who have conducted research on this always come up with very interesting findings or results. Recently many researchers have moved their area of focus from western to Asian countries and are investigating the buying patrons of the people living in Asia. Many of them have identified and observed some common variables according to a researcher (Beatty & Farrell, 1998). The ratio and chances of impulse buying increases with the passage of time. He or She spends more time in the store than before, the more they spend time on shopping and browsing upon different product the more it with increase the chance of impulse buying. Some researchers have also stated that the impulse buying is relatively more common in females as compared to males (Giraud, 2001). According to a researcher (Giraud, 2001) finds that the mood of the consumer also affects impulse buying behavior which means that when the customer is in a good mood, he or she will embark themselves with the products which fall in the category of impulse buying and if he or she is in bad mood the person will tend to reward his or herself less. (Maiet Al, 2001) Stated that the spending on impulse buying is done more by young generation and usually the age segment falls in the range of 18-40 years old. (Rook, 1987.) Stated that the urge and temptations of buying a particular product is so strong  that a person can postpone the purchase of a well needed product which solves their existing problem. The Importance and concept of store layout can never be bypassed by the true marketers and operational managers because the store layout influences the buying behavior of the consumer for example IKEA, LEGO and Zara Men etc are the famous brands which focuses heavily on store layout of a retail store. (Crawford & Melewar, 2003) stated that the true marketers should work on store layout and should provide a good layout to provide an ease of shopping to the consumer. A good standard and effective store layout let alone achieve the goal of providing convenience to the customer the role of good and trained sales person is also very important. According to (Crawford & Melewar, 2003) an interaction with a well trained sales person can trigger impulse buying behavior of consumer it also reduces the tension of customer by guiding them. One study conducted by (Wang and Zhou, 2003) shows that promotional activities show increases impulse buying by consumer when there are sales or discounts on products. according to researchers (dholakia,2000:rook 1987) when a consumer see promotional incentives on some products this things affects the impulse buying of him or her. Factors affectingaffectig impulse buying: The followingfollowig are the factors which affects impulse buying behavior of consumer Promotional activities Income Presence of others Store layout Sales person Promotional Activities: The word promotion in terms of marketing means by using different strategies marketers can influence the buying behaviorbehaviour of consumerconumer to buy a product to increase sales of the company. This could be achieved by sales discount, advertisement and free product. It is a human psychepsychy when evere they see a free product or discount they tend to buy to take advantage of this despite of affect they in actual did not need that product. Janakiraman Eded al, 2006 stated that willingness to buy the unneeded and unrelated commoditycomodity increases the chances of the impulse buying because of unexpected price discounts. Income: The income level influence and affect the impulse buying pattern of consumer greatly. The more a person is getting inco0me the more he will do impulse buying. In good economic conditions, the income levels of people go high, many economists and researchers have reported the increase in sales of products which also includes the purchase of products done thought impulsive buying. Presence of others: Store layout: Sales person The interaction between consumers and sales person is of very prime importance. A good competent salesperson could influence the consumer to buy product impulsively. Objective of the study: As we have told you earlier in this research paper that many researchers have conducted research on this topic especially in developed countries like England, Norway, Canada, America etc. Now the researchers and analyst areAnd also conducting research in developing countries like Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Poland, Bangladesh, and Thailand etc. Our objective of the study is to find out the factors effecting consumer impulse buying behavior in Pakistan. Theoretical framework: in this research paper we have taken impulse buying as dependent variable and sales force, promotional activities , income , store layout and presence of others as independent variables and formed several hypothesis which are given below H1: There is a positive relationship between promotional activities and impulse buying. H2:There is a positive relationship between income level and impulse buying. H3: There is a positive relationship between store layout and impulse buying. H4: There is a positive relationship between sales force behavior and impulse buying. H5:There is a positive relationship between presence of others and impulse buying. Research Methodology: The study has been conducted on the bases of two types of information  sources, primary data and secondary data. In primary data we gathered the data through questionnaires designed specifically on the basis of nature of questions to cover the concept of the study. In questionnaires the first section is devoted to the demographics and then a scale is designed. In the following questions the scale we design to assess each factor and its related question is from 1 to 5 Strongly disagree

Article Report On How On Start A Consulting Business

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